Dropping The Bomb :: essays research papers

falling The BombTowards the end of WWII America was faced with a dilemma. The lacquerese had bombed Pearl Harbor using Kamikaze pilots and were showing no signs of regret for it or any signs of not continuing these kinds of attacks. Through these actions they were also showing the world that they had no fear or respect for the American people. With both the devastating effects of Pearl Harbor, the largest most deadliest attack ever on American soil, and the Japaneses blatant disrespect for the U.S. on our hands president Harry Truman had no other choice but to drop an atomic bomb on Japan.Dropping the atomic bomb on Japan did not just come out of the blue. We had tried to warn Japan numerous times before well-nigh the type of weapons we were capable of using and even tried to show them what the atomic bomb could do. Even after attempted peace talks with Japan they hush refused to pull back. We also had tried other war tactics such as bombing them with regular bombs and even sendi ng in ground soldiery to fight. Time after time Japan refused to cease fighting. If we had not chosen to drop the bomb on them then there is a good pass that we would have suffered a greater amount of loss of soldiers in continuing to fight.As it was stated before, Japan knew the basic extent of our power and they still resolved to attack us, so they knew what would come of them doing this. It just became evident that they really were not prepared to mess with us until after the atomic bomb had been dropped. So in a way you could say that they got what was coming to them.We also got the response we were looking for, after the bomb was dropped, by Japan surrendering to the U.S. Some may argue that the general effects of the atomic bomb were to devastating and that there were other means of retaliation we could have used to get our point across and to get Japan to surrender.

adam smith Essays -- essays research papers fc

Views of fling smith      Adam Smith had many views that helped in making the world what it is today. I cant cypher what the world would be like if there werent thinkers like Adam Smith. Our career as Pharmacists is a great example of this. What would we be working so hard for if we made the same amount of money as a trash man? He had many other views that were just as important.Adam Smith believed that a nations wealth was not derived by how much they had in resources, or in an exchangeable commodity, but rather by the stab that its residents produce. "The yearbook labor of every nation is the fund which origin whollyy supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences which it annually consumes." (Wealth of Nations, p. 1) He stated that a nation could increase the efficiency of the potential drop of its people by increasing these two aspects of the work force (a) Skill, dexterity, and judgement with which labor is applied, and (b) Proportion of those employed in useful labor to those not so employed. For the first aspect, Smith noted that the best way to increase the efficiency of labor is the division of labor. The division of labor is the central factor in Smiths theory of economic growth. Division of labor is the splitting of a large task into smaller tasks and then having one person be obligated for only one or two of the smaller tasks, which leads to an increase in productivity and stimulates the entire growth cycle, which increases the efficiency of the whole task. The division of labor and the aggregation of capital are what Adam Smith believed to be the driving forces of economic growth in any nation. He found that when the division of labor had downcast down the production of almost any commodity into a series of simple operations it was more than natural for tools and machinery to be invented that replace hand labor and expedite the entire production process, thereby increasing worker productivity. This incr eased productivity, combined with the growing capital stock to increase national output, enables a high society to enjoy higher levels of consumption, resulting in a genuine rise in the wealth of the nation according to Smith.Adam Smith stated that the value of all things is based on the amount of labor that must be produced to gain it. He believed that the price of an object could be split into three parts r... ...ner the market, and collapse the consumers with a mediocre product. In response to tightened importation laws, he wrote that a strong foreign trade system would be the only way to deliver good products to the English public. Adam Smith was accurately seeing the future of the worlds commerce. He saw that as producers tried to make more and more money, they were forced to cut corners. This, as a result, lead to products that were not as good as they should be. He knew that the way to improve product pure tone in Great Britain was to import goods from other counties.Ada m Smith had many very important views. He had set ways that he thought things should suck in been and he spent his life explaining these views and trying to get others to see things as he did. Many people supported and accepted his views, while others completely disagreed with him. Whether or not you agree or disagree with his views, you have to admit that Adam Smith is very important even in the world today. Works CitedBibliography 1. Heilbroner, Robert, Teachings From The terrestrial philosophy, 1st ed. (Norton, 1997)Wealth of the Nations. Smith, Adamwww.history.edu/adamsmith/views. (Accessed 4-1-02)

Ted Kaczynski, the UNABOMBER - An Ethical Case Study Essay -- Philosop

Ted Kaczynski, the UNABOMBER - An Ethical Case Study The intent of this study is to determine exactly how much certificate of indebtedness Ted Kaczynski must accept for his actions as the UNABOMBER. The innate problem of the situation is that Kaczynski claims complete responsibility, but he has been ruled mentally ill by the State. He adamantly denies his illness, stating that social maladjustment, although technically a sickness, is diaphanous from an organic based illness, and therefore within his realm of free will. We will also address the role his brother and sister-in-law played in the tragedy, their motives, and the impact their pleas use up brought to bear on the dilemma. We will examine this ethology from an existentialist perspective, as this is the most(prenominal) applicable to Ted Kaczynski himself. Case Summary During an 18-year period as the UNABOMBER, Ted Kaczynski wounded 23 good deal and killed 3 with pipe bombs. He is a vehement anarchist and Lu ddite who feels that oversocialization and technology are destroying Man and strangling out any kind of Freedom he may have ever possessed. According to section 114 of his manifesto, The system HAS TO regulate human behavior closely in order to function. Bureaucracies HAVE TO be run according to rigid rules. It is true that some restrictions on our freedom could be eliminated, but GENERALLY SPEAKING the regulation of our lives by large organizations is requirement for the functioning of industrial-technological society. The result is a sense of powerlessness on the part of the average person. It may be, however, that formal regulations will tend increasingly to be replaced by psychological tools that make us want to do what the system requires of us. Evidenc... ... Conclusions Existentially, David has made the dominant decision in the end, and the truly free decision. Ted, as do most martyrs (which is how he views himself) has chosen to sacrifice his freedom by not ending his own life. Right to die? He has it every day when he looks roughly him. If he leaves his right to die in someone elses hands, he accepts no responsibility and therefore does not truly exist as a free individual, and therefore does not have a right to die. The strengths of this model are that there is an intrinsic reign and slave this is also the weakness, because Ted denied the existence of the master in that all men were there own masters. Unlike Ted, who claims to accept responsibility but actually denied it by denying the inequality of existence, his brother did accept the responsibility by choosing to exist in dominance.

To Build A Fire: Theme Essay -- essays research papers

In the reputation "To Build a Fire" by old salt London, there are three principal themes. They are respecting nature, and considering results of actions. The main theme, or universal truth, is heeding warnings. The themes are shown through the character and his actions. The main character in the story had an attitude that prevented him from heeding internal and external warnings. He did non respect natures power, and therefore he paid with his life.His attitude was arrogant and careless. The man had no imagination and entirely understood facts. He knew it was very cold and his body was numb, but he failed to realize the danger. A newcomer with no experience, he thought he was invincible. incomplete the "absence of sun from the sky," nor "the tremendous cold" made any effect on him. For example, the temperature was less than -50 degrees. He did not care about how much colder it was. To him, it was retributory a number. He did not think of his "frailt y as a creature of temperature." When the "old-timer at Sulphur Creek" warned him not to travel only in such cold, the man laughed at him. The old-timer had experience and knowledge, yet the man called him "womanish." Even when the man knew he was about to die, he thought, "freezing was not so bad as people thought," and "When he got back to the States he could tell folks what real cold was." These quotes show that the man did not obligate his situation seriously. Instea...

Shoot The Teacher :: essays research papers

Shoot The TeacherDuring the couple of days that pass in this book, lots of things happen. A boyin his mid teens becomes to heavy a burden for his mother to carry. She kickshim out. Her divorced husband gets to take care of Adam. Adam and his father,who Adam calles Simon, move to a new place with a new school where Simon is ateacher. The very first day theyre involved in a shooting. But there is more than tocome Three people are shot and killed in only a few days. There are manytheories of hwo comitted the killings. Simon is the main suspect, however hes assemble innocent. Instead the find that the murderer is Adams only friend Naomi,who was the stepdaughter of the first victim.Adam is in the beginning of the book a rebellious young man. The typical teenager in revolt. Hes growing his hair long, refusing to go to school andtalking back to his mother. He seemes to calm down quite a bit though in just afew days. As a matter of fact, as soon they arrive at the new school, Adamseemes to be more advance and calm. Maybe thats because he doesnt have anyfriends in the new school, maybe because he palpates inferior being the new kid andoutsider that he is.Adams blood to his father seemes to vary a lot. At first Adam looks athis father as if he was a perfect stranger.And he has all rights to do thatsince they practicly hadnt seen each other att all since Adam was born. Thensome kind of a father-son friendship evolves, but I get the feeling that itsonly because they feel they have to. When Simon is accused of murder, Adamstarts to hate him. Perhaps stop caring about it, is a better way of describingAdams feelings towards his dad.The author used a proficiency with many enviromental descriptions. He didnt use alot of fancy words, probably because it is a youth book.

Shoot The Teacher :: essays research papers

Shoot The TeacherDuring the couple of days that pass in this book, lots of things happen. A boyin his mid(prenominal) teens becomes to heavy a burden for his mother to carry. She kickshim out. Her divorced husband gets to take care of tenner. Adam and his father,who Adam c in alles Simon, move to a new place with a new school where Simon is ateacher. The very first day theyre involved in a shooting. But there is more tocome Three sight are shot and killed in only a fewer days. There are manytheories of hwo comitted the killings. Simon is the main suspect, however hesfound innocent. Instead the find that the manslayer is Adams only friend Naomi,who was the stepdaughter of the first victim.Adam is in the beginning of the book a rebellious young man. The typicalteenager in revolt. Hes growing his pilus long, refusing to go to school andtalking back to his mother. He seemes to calm down quite a bit though in just afew days. As a matter of fact, as soon they arrive at the new school , Adamseemes to be more mature and calm. Maybe thats beca habituate he doesnt support anyfriends in the new school, maybe because he feels inferior being the new kid andoutsider that he is.Adams relationship to his father seemes to vary a lot. At first Adam looks athis father as if he was a perfect stranger.And he has all rights to do thatsince they practicly hadnt seen each other att all since Adam was born. Thensome kind of a father-son friendship evolves, but I get the feeling that itsonly because they feel they have to. When Simon is accused of murder, Adamstarts to hate him. Perhaps stop caring about it, is a better way of describingAdams feelings towards his dad.The author used a technique with many enviromental descriptions. He didnt use alot of fancy words, probably because it is a youth book.

Modern day reader Essay

Arthur Conan Doyles Sherlock Holmes stories were written over a hundred years ago. They ar antiquated and aside dated and do nothing to offer a modern day reader. Discuss.One hundred years ago the lifestyle in England was very different. fagot Victoria was in power, the quality of living was at a lower standard, and the technology was not as updated, compared to todays modern world. Crime was plethoric in this period, with thieves and pickpockets everywhere.The police force werent much help either. They were considered corrupt and unsuccessful in their investigations. This gave them a bad reputation, and made them unpopular with the local public. This helped to straighten out crime as high as it was, and it also made people feel unsafe. The citizens within the community wanted somebody who could solve the toughest crimes, and somebody who wasnt riddles with corruption. Sherlock Holmes matched this criterion perfectly. That is why Arthur Conan Doyles creation of the Sherlock Hol mes stories were tremendously admired back then.The book itself was designed for an audience of that time period, and because certain things draw changed, for example literature, there will be definite difficulties presented to us in the text. For one, the sentence structure used in the stories was very peculiar, because in quite a few occasions there were uses of extremely long, descriptive sentences that went on for over 3 lines. This is very strange because modern day writes tend to lengthen their sentences up to, maximum, two lines. Also when you were reading it you were running out of breath because of the limited spaces to breathe whilst you were reading. Another problem that we encounter whilst reading this piece of text is the reference to things that existed in the old times, but not today. This may interrupt the reader in understanding what is going on.Vocabulary is one other major a factor which could present the modern reader difficulties. The choice of words used in t he older time is not vastly different, but there are some differences, as the modern reader may struggle to interpret the definition of words.Modern day writers use Doyles texts so that they give the gate embellish some of the techniques Doyle uses in their writing. They use Doyles Sherlock Holmes book because the techniques used in the book grasped the attention of many people with the description, and other various techniques. I believe that the books are still popular (not as much as when they were first introduced though) because the Sherlock Holmes series still appear today, most recently on television.The techniques used in the Sherlock Holmes stories are key to bringing the characters to life, and creating a tension-gripping atmosphere. The techniques used also gain and maintain the readers interest in a number of ways done suspense and making the reader question his or her mind, through excitement of what is happening and the thrill of the investigation, or through some o f the interesting, unusual characters that some of the stories present us with, for example Dr Roylott in The Speckled Band.One of the predominant reasons why I believe that Doyle can capture and maintain the readers interest, not only in the time period it was wrote, but now is because of the structure. Each story has a crash structure, which the stories follow, although Doyle has tended to adapt some of them as he feels necessary. The structure is effective because the way that all of the stories are set out, they still leave us with many inquiries in out head, such as how Holmes worked out the case. For example, in The Speckled Band, Holmes discusses to Watson how he figured all of the traps out, how he figured out about the snake, and what he found out about certain features of the bedroom to make him come to certain conclusions.He says I had come to these conclusions before ever I had entered the room. An direction of his chair showed me. What this illustrates is that the que stions that the audience had developed whilst reading the book are answered by Holmes in his description of the events that occurred and the discoveries he made. It also indicated to us some of the points that we may have missed out in the book, or some of he points that we didnt seem to think were important. For example when Helen Stoner in The Speckled Band says that she has a ventilator in her room, we make nothing of it. We eventually find out though, that it is essential to the case.

Expository Essay Topic

Associate Program Material Characteristics of the Expository Essay What Is an Essay? An render is an eventful part of your college experience beca wasting disease it requires critical idea as well as organization and look for. Essay is a broad term. Sometimes an taste is just a page long sometimes, essays are five pages or longer. Essays, however, focus on a single subject and idea. They also have different purposes to persuade, explain, or entertain. film the following essay titles Why You Should Never Vote for a Democrat My Friend Harry Reasoner Cell Phones Getting the Most for the Least jolly Marriage Does Not Hurt Traditional Marriage How to Write an Essay How would you categorize the essays above based on the titles? Is Why You Should Never Vote for a Democrat a persuasive essay or an entertaining one? Does How to Write an Essay explain or persuade? Even within a classification, writers use different types of development and have multiple purposes for their essays.Ess ay Classifications Writers classify essays in different ways. The following table includes common types of essays as well as examples shell of Essay Definition Example Expository Uses evidence, examples, or facts to explain a How to Stop Smoking concept or to inform about a issuing with a thesis as its base the breeding must be presented fairly and in a nonbiased manner Persuasive or Argumentative Uses evidence, examples, or facts to persuade High Schools Should Offer More Technical your reader to accept your point of view on a Courses subject Cause and Effect Explains wherefore something happened and what its The Connection Between Trans Fats and Obesity consequences were (or will be) Comparison-Contrast Shows the similarities and differences between Dogs and Cats Are More Alike Than Different ideas, people, objects, places, and so forrard Character Study Focuses on a specific person of interest The Life of Richard M.Nixon Literary Analysi s Analyzes one or more parts of a literary piece Horse symbolic representation in James Joyces Ulysses or writing Division Takes a subject and separates its elements into How Parts of a Television are Connected smaller pieces to watch the relationships between or among the elements Classification Separates a large group into smaller groups The Wonder of Bears based on the specific characteristics of the items Narrative Retells a story or event My Summer Vacation Disaster Descriptive Uses sensory details to show exactly how The Red Rock Country of Sedona, Arizona something feels, looks, smells, and so forth Definition Defines or specifies a word or subject The Beauty of Greed Process Shows how to complete a process, usually in Steps to do the Perfect Pumpkin Pie steps Foc apply on the Expository Essay Expository essays are common college assignments because they build on both critical thinking and research.Therefore, this course focuses on the ex positive essaythe foundation for all some other types of academic writing, including research paper writing. Originally, the purpose of an expository (explanatory) essay was to explain (How to pull in at Five-Card Draw, for example). Now, it is a more general term. Characteristics of the expository essay include A defined and narrowed thesis in the creative activity Evidence, examples, statistics, or facts in each paragraph in the body of the paper to support the thesis Information presented fairly and in a nonbiased manner, showing both sides of the depicted object The use of third-person rather than I or me Point of View In the world of journalism, the intelligence operation is reported as objectively as possible.If television news broadcasters, for example, reported, I think so and so, and I saw this-and-so, perhaps their opinion would not be substantial enough to prove their point to the viewing audience. Somehow, using the third person seems to make the reporting seem much more objective. The same is true for essay writing. One of the main reasons academic writing requires the use of third-person point of view is to minimize the opinions of the writer. When you write in third person, you can be more objective. When you cite other sources, you also borrow from their respectability in the field and their expertise. It is almost as though you are an academic reporter. Consider the following example of how first-person opinions may be converted into an acceptable third-person topic branch Person Third Person In my opinion, standardized testing negatively affects the Standardized testing negatively affects the curriculum universe curriculum being taught in schools and how teachers teach their taught in schools as well as the instructional methodology that students. teachers use. In this essay, I will examine how standardized testing affects the curriculum being taught in schools and how teachers teach their students. Thesis Plus S upport in the Expository Essay Most expository essays build on a similar structural pattern 1. Introduction (including the thesis statement) 2. Supporting body paragraphs 3. Conclusion The thesis statement conveys the main idea of your essay. Use the following formula to craft your thesis statement Limited Topic + Controlling Idea, Point, Attitude, or Slant = Thesis. The thesis is part of the introduction of your essay, usually positioned at or near the end of the introduction. The introduction also includes any pertinent background information, definition of unfamiliar terms, or other information your audience must know in order to attend your position.An introduction must grab the attention of your readers and make them want to continue reading. Your thesis must be supported by facts, examples, reasons, and other objective research in the body of your essay. The essay ends with a conclusion that neatly wraps up your essay. Use the Thesis Plus Support approach to write expository essays and other types of academic papers, including the research paper. Four Ways to Develop Expository Essays There are four basic ways to develop expository essays 1. Topic An expository essay developed by topic systematically organizes information about a topic (someone or something) in the most logical fashion, for example, from the least all important(p) to the most important characteristics of a mammal. 2.Time order An expository essay developed by time order involves the sequential or chronological organization of information from one time period to another. This type of expository development arranges information according to date or specific time, for instance, from the earliest to the most recent or vice versa. An essay about armed conflict in the Middle East might use this type of organization. 3. Space order An expository essay developed by space order involves the spatial organization of ideas. This arrangement refers to information that deals with the location of pe ople, places, or things for example, the nearest planet to the farthest away from Earth. 4. informatory process An expository essay developed by informative process may best be described as a how to essay, or demonstration.This essay involves a step-by-step process, with steps arranged in their natural order, for example, How to Write an Expository Essay. Because classifications cannot always be strictly defined, it is also possible for writers to liquefy development types within one expository essay. Wrap-Up This course presents the basics of effective essay writing. Learning to write effective expository essays prepares you to write longer, more interlinking research papers in other University of Phoenix courses. Learning to write well also improves your critical-thinking and organizational skills, laying the groundwork for success not lone(prenominal) in college, but also in your current or future career.

Otis Toy Trains Explores the Supply Chain Essay

The value proposition of genus Otis Toy Trains of Minneapolis is to offer well institutioned, detailed, evocative and luxurious toy trains and their accessories to middle-aged and major(postnominal) adults. The traits for its faultfinding customers are mainly two aspects. First, the critical customers age generally range from 35 to 55 (born from the 1960s to the 1980s). Second, the critical customers should have fairly high gear income to afford buying and collecting luxurious toy trains. The toy trains have many modulate winners, such as its high brand recognition among critical customers, its attractive and evocative train series due to those experienced designers and its wide selection of related accessories. However, Otis Toy Trains still has some order losers. For example, the Otis Toy Trains critical customers are so narrow (only adult born from the 1960s to the 1980s), and the toy trains do not have much attractiveness among other(a) groups therefore, it is hard to expan d market and easy to lose market. In addition, the Otis Toy Trains does not have a method to efficiently produce and slope its toy trains to customers, which means the cost of production and delivery is relatively high.As a consultant, I will highly recommend the Otis Toy Trains to get into the proposal because it rear end cut ab come out of the closet half of the manufacturing cost, and the outsourcing will also emancipate the Otis Toy Trains from maintaining its facilities (factories). However, outsourcing will drag the quality of toy trains out of control. For example, the Mattel recalled back over nine million toys because its outsourcing factories in China used paint which was hazardous for health. Therefore, my recommendation is to send managers to Chinese factories and keep track of the manufacturing to make sure the quality is under the Otis Toy Trains control.Trail Frames ChassisTrail Frames Chassis value proposition is to offer customized, timely voguish and technolog ically advanced motor home chassis for manufacturers who place orders for small quantities. Its order winners include its brand recognition, timely fashionable designs, advanced technologies which are incorporated with its design perfectly and highly customized products which satisfy each customer as much as possible. Incontrary, its order losers are the high cost and price, unconformity to the schedule. These two order losers also make TFCs chassis not available to many potential customers due to its low scale of orders. For proposed TFC chassis, it also has the brand recognition, timely fashionable designs and advanced technologies as order winners further more than, it has some additional order winners such as the relatively low price, conformity to the schedule and large scale of orders. In call of order losers, the proposed TFC chassis does not have the high cost and price and unconformity to the schedule however, the unhorse flexibility of responding to customers need may ca use more defect on products which will influence the companys reputation and profit.Therefore, both the original and proposed TFC chassis will focus on doing research on fashion and new technologies. I would recommend TFC to accept the proposal and get into the new market. The reason is that it is more difficult for TFC to change its operational capabilities, but it can simply target a new group of customers, which means entering the market of low-end chassis market especially when the current market is saturated. In terms of facilities, TFC does not need to do much amendment on its existing operational capabilities because what it has to do is just using less-expensive components. In order to increase sales, I sound off TFC should outsource its manufacturing of low-end chassis just like what TFCs major potential competitor BMW had done. The reason is that the low-end chassis do not need to be customized, so it is easier for TFC guarantee the quality. Furthermore, TFC does not need to have more fixed cost (building new factories), so it can keep the low-end chassis at a lower price.Work CitedMattel Issues New Massive China Toy Recall. Msnbc.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 07, May 2014. http//www.nbcnews.com/id/20254745/ns/business-consumer_news/t/mattel-issues-new-massive-china-toy-recall/.U2rT6Yfz2So BMW Outsourcing Assembly and the Modular Industrial Strategy. Abubakrag. N.p., n.d. Web. 07, May2014. http//abubakrag.wordpress.com/2012/11/19/bmw-outsourcing-assembly-and-the-modular-industrial-strategy/

Crime and Mental Illness Essay

Crime and noetic IllnessIntroduction The increase of crime over the years, has lead to various assumptions on the causes of these rapid escalations in crime. Hence, experts including head-shrinkers name been drawd in this debate. Experts have been involved in the contention as to whether psychological roughnesss and their symptoms have a direct influence on the tendency to commit crime among the relate people. The purpose of this paper is to consider the generic question about whether rational inconvenience oneself is signifi grasstly correlated to crime with particular reference to the issues associated with psychiatry and forensic psychiatry. This paper will firstly explore the kin surrounded by kind disorder symptoms and crimes as well as establish whether there is a direct relationship between symptoms of psychological infirmity and criminality. mental disorders, especially anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders and psychotic disorders will be discussed and consider ed in relation to their link to criminality. In the UK, look for has shown that intellectual health needs of young offenders are non beingness met, due to the lack of expertise and resources in the custody system (The amiable Health Foundation, 2002). As such, this essay aims to analyse and critique how the detained younker are diagnosed in psychiatry predominantly focusing on the potential role of psychiatry in alleviating the mental health illnesses amongst the young offenders in the juvenile system.Crime and mental illness symptoms In the UK, studies conducted have shown that In the UK, research has shown that the prevalence rate of mental health problems among the offspring in the popular population ranges at 13% for the girls and 10 percent for the boys. On the disaccordent hand, the prevalence rate of juveniles with mental disorders in the criminal rightness system ranges from 25 to 81 percent (The affable Health Foundation, 2002). While many researches have been directed towards investigating mental disorder as the cause of crime, the policy makers have likewise assumed that the coat illness symptoms have a direct connection to the crimes connected (Torrey, 2011). Hence, programs that have been initiated to remedy this situation have always operated under the assumption that medication and mental health handling will reduce the criminal behavior (Skeem, Manchak & Peterson, 2011). On the other hand, some researchers have suggested a novel approach where studies are conducted on two assemblages of offenders one group entails a small group of criminal offenders whose mental illness symptoms relate directly to their crime and a larger group of offenders where their crimes do not relate to their criminal behavior (Swanson et al., 2008 Skeem et al., 2011). The results of this studies indicated that for the smaller group of offenders, access to mental illness medical treatment led to reduced retrovert into criminal behavior. On the other hand , studies conducted the larger group whose criminal actions were not directly connected to mental illness showed that interventions needed to go beyond the treatment of mental illness symptoms if the criminal justice outcomes was to be improved. Hence, the approach of treating mental health symptoms as a way of reducing criminal behavior turnabout should not be applied indiscriminately. There should be a distinctions between these two groups one group with offender whose criminal behavior was motivated by mental health symptoms and the other group whose criminal behavior is not directly linked to mental health symptoms.Definitions of direct relationships between mental illness symptoms and criminal behavior According to the UK law, section 1(2) of the Mental Act 2007, the mental disorders recognized include eating disorders, someoneality disorders, autistic spectrum disorders and mental illnesses (such as bi-polar disorder, schizophrenia, depressive disorder and learning disorders ). Before one apprize consider the how offenders are motivated by mental illness symptoms to commit crimes, one should first consider the definition of links between the mental illness symptoms and the criminal behavior. Hence, if there is enough evidence that the suspect or defendant is suffering from significant mental illness, the quest may not be appropriate lest the crime committed is safe and there is a exalted possibility of the offender repeating the crime (The superlative Prosecution Service, 2014). According to the section two, part three of the Mental Health Act which adds a new subsection 1(2A) to the 1983 Mental Health Act, learning disablement is interpreted as the incomplete development of the mind including social impairment and social functioning. Under this Act, alcohol or drug dependence is not categorise under the mental disorder. However, the mental illness that are as a result of the use or the stopping of drug use are include in the interpretation of me ntal disorder. Under this section of the UK constitution, immoral conduct and familiar deviancy are not included in mental disorders because they are not clinically recognized to be mental disorders. Despite the legal definition of insanity, most individuals found to be guilty due to mental insanity have been found to be primarily diagnosed with schizophrenia and were suffering from the symptoms of psychosis during the time that the crime was committed (Callahan et al., 1991). This is because the symptoms of psychosis (such as anger and impulsivity) are a direct indicator of serious mental illness and the symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations and delusions, alter an individuals sense of reality, hence motivating criminal behavior (McNiel, Eisner & Binder, 2009 Douglas, Guy & Hart, 2009).Research on the correlation between mental health symptoms and criminal behaviour Many researches, including forensic research, have been concentrating on the connection between mental disorder and criminal behaviour. Monahan et al. (2001), conducts a education which involves more than one thousand psychiatric patients, focusing on the role psychosis plays during the precedent of the violent incident. Predominantly, patients were asked whether they experienced episodes of hallucinations or even delusions while the violent incidents transpired. The results indicated that solo 12% of the patients were experiencing mental illness symptoms at the time the violent incident occurred. Peterson et al. (2010) also conducted a similar chew over involving one hundred and twelve parolees with mental illness compared to one hundred and nine other parolees who were not suffering from mental illnesses. Based on the in kneadation collected through interviews and records, the offending patterns were drawn. The research findings showed that the emotionally reactive pattern of offending was putting surface for most of the offenders, whether suffering from mental illness or not. On further investigation of the offenders with mental illness, the results indicated that besides 5% of the parolees committed crimes as an outcome of their psychotic symptoms. Junginger et al. (2006) combine the use of a broader definition of the symptoms of metal disorder. They conducted their study on one hundred and bakers dozen individuals arrested while suffering from symptoms of mental illness and other disorders of gist eligible for the jail diversion schedule. Their findings indicated that only 4% of the offenders had been arrested for committing crimes directly relating to psychosis while another 4% of the offenders were arrested for crimes that were not directly related to psychosis symptoms such as depression, confusion, irritability and thought disorder. It is, however, not clear how symptoms such as irritability are chance uponed from normative personality characters and the emotional features found among offenders without mental disorders.The Difficulty in dist inguishing between Symptoms and Traits The symptom of mental disorder and normative risk factors for crime becomes hard to distinguish once the mental illness symptoms are broadened beyond psychosis. Anger, for example is strongly related to psychosis symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), symptoms of personality disorders (which includes emotional stability), symptoms of mood disorders (anger attacks and irritability) and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Novaco, 2011). On the other hand, anger is also a fundamental human emotion that is also a dynamic risk factor for criminal wildness among both the general offenders and psychiatric patients (Gardner et al., 1996). In another study involving one hundred and thirty-two subjects, Skeem et al. (2006) findings indicated that anger is a strong indicator of predicted hysteria, as opposed to other symptoms that were related to mental disease (such as delusions). Hence, approaching anger as a mental illness symptom risks mak ing a human emotion come in as a symptom of a serious mental illness. Another example of a difficult distinction involves impulsivity which is related to particular symptoms of bipolar disease including being easily distracted and excessive indulgent in pleasurable activities which has a possibility of a painful outcome (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Hence, impulsivity is a common for people suffering from bipolar disease as compared to the general population (Jimenez et al., 2012). On the other hand, impulsivity is a label common in the criteria for diagnosing unsociable personality disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and has been proved to be one of the strongest predictors of criminal acts among both juveniles and adults (Kruger et al. 2007). Hence, it is difficult to distinguish whether impulsivity is a normative personality trait or a serious mental illness symptom.Mental illnesses and their symptoms Anxiety disorder involves a tendency of individuals to be withdrawn and avoid confrontation with other people. quite a little with anxiety disorders exhibit heightened anxiety, worry and fear that this constant and overwhelming in a way that is crippling. Types of anxiety disorders includes panic disorders, social anxiety disorders, certain phobias towards a specific situation or object and generalized anxiety disorder where a person has excessive worry even when there is nothing that has evoke anxiety. A person with panic disorder is overwhelmed with a feeling of terror without warning has other symptoms such as chest pain, strong and irregular heartbeats and a feeling of being choked. General symptoms of anxiety disorders include problems with sleeping, panic, fear, shortness of breath, the inability to stay calm, dry mouth, muscle tension, nausea, dizziness and shortness of breath. While research has indicated that the youth with anxiety are less likely to be involved in in-your-face tendencies (Connor, 2002), those with postt raumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a significant susceptibility to reacting precipitously to threats and in an unexpected manner (Charney et al. 1993). On the other hand, those with posttraumatic disorder combined with conduct disorder (involving antisocial tendencies) were also found to be more aggressive and impulsive as compared with individuals with conduct disorder only (Cauffman, 1998). bipolar disorder involves mood swings ranging from feelings of depression to mania. Bipolar disorder is divided into several categories depending on the patterns of symptoms exhibited by the patient. Bipolar I disorder entails mood swings which lead to increased difficulty in a persons workplace, school or relationships and wild episodes can be serious. Bipolar II disorder is less serious compared to bipolar I. It involves symptoms such as elevated moods, with some minimal adjustments to the functioning of a person but the he or she can conduct the normal routine. In this case, one experien ces hypomania instead of a full mania. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania compared to full mania. The third type of bipolar disorder is known as cyclothymic disorder with is the mild form of bipolar disorders. In this case, a person experiences hypomania & depression that can be disruptive, but the highs and lows are not as serious as the bipolar I and II disorders. Some symptoms involving the manic or hypo-manic stage of bipolar disorder include Euphoria, poor judgment, aggressive tendencies, risky behavior, racing thoughts, increasing drive to achieve goals, irritability and psychosis. The depressive stage of bipolar disorder includes excessive sadness, hopelessness, suicidal behavior, fatigue, difficulty in concentrating, irritability, guilty and poor performance at school or the workplace (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). The highs and lows experience by patients can lead them to perform criminal activities especially when they are excessively depressed and easily irritated and c an respond to the actions of other members of the society in a way that is harmful. Psychotic disorders include thought disturbances involving unusual interpretations of happenings. Psychotic disorders alter the ability of a person to make rational judgments, think clearly, understand reality, conduct well and behave in the appropriate manner. Patients with severe symptoms of psychotic disorders find it difficult to stay in touch with reality and as such, they can interest in criminal activities even without realizing that what they are doing is wrong. Schizophrenia is one type of psychotic disorder where patients experience changes in behavior and encounter hallucinations and delusions with can kick the bucket for even more than half a year which greatly diminishes their function and increases their susceptibility to commit crime even without realizing it.Psychiatry Psychiatry is a distinctiveness that deals with the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of mental disorders. On t he other hand, a mental disorder is a mental anomaly that causes one to not function decent in society. Forensic psychiatry deals with the treatment of criminal offenders with mental disorders. There is evidence of individuals with mental health illnesses either being segregated for care or containment for hundreds of years now. Hoswells (1975) recounts that a psychiatric care of the mentally ill was being practices in the health facilities in Islamic countries as early as the eighth century and India this practice implemented as early as the 10th century. Hospitals dedicated for people with mental health problems in England were present even as early as the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the Bethlem Hospital which was built in 1247. Earlier treatments of individuals with mental illnesses involved the use of milieu therapy, direction among other archaic methods. The story of modern psychiatry began with the introduction of legislation to protect the rights of individuals with mental illness. The Mental Health Act introduced in 1983 was introduced to protect the rights of detained patients with mental illnesses.Psychiatry and the detained juveniles with mental illnesses Psychiatry presents the best methods in treating mental disorders especially among the youth who have a higher chance of being reformed as compared to adults with mental illnesses. However, following the findings showing a high prevalence rate of mental illnesses among the youth within the correctional institutions, improvements must be implemented if the detained youth are to undergo complete behavioral rehabilitation (Odgers et al., 2005). The juvenile offenders in the justice system require supplementary attention given their vulnerability to mental health problems. Research has shown that most of the juvenile offenders have more disorders that can be easily diagnosed if close attention is given to them. While many researchers differ on the number of juveniles with diagnosable disorders, the f raction lies between 50- 70% of the total young population (Colins et al., 2010). Research shows that due to the lack of attention given by the justice authorities, juveniles suffer from more than one mental disorder, with the female juveniles being more inclined to mental health illnesses compare to the male juveniles (Schubert & Mulvey, 2014). Howard et al. 2013) conducted a study to explore some factors that would lead to increased criminal recidivism among forensic patients. The findings of their study indicated that those who had endured a severe childhood disorders and drug dependence during adolescence were more likely to engage in rescind to their criminal behavioral patterns as compared to those who did not engage in neither childhood conduct disorders nor drug dependence. As such, forensic psychiatrist should consider the past experiences of their patients if they are to successfully rehabilitate their patients. High risk patients who have a past experience of childhood co nduct disorders and drug dependence should be monitored carefully monitored and given enough support in order to control their urge to engage into criminal activities after being released from a controlled milieu to the community. While the youth with mental illnesses only commit a small fraction of the delinquencies in the community, they are at high risk of offending or re-offending as compared to the youth in the general population. Hence, more research need to be conducted to inform more effective policies to respond appropriately. Particularly, the processing of juveniles in the justice system should be improved so as to identify the youth with critical mental health needs. As such, evidence-based psychiatry services should be incorporated to identify the juveniles who may be in need of long term mental health support. The screening results should then be recorded to provide info that is required for planning and resource development (Grisso, 2008).Conclusion This essay highl ighted the relationship between criminality and mental illnesses at length and it was found that there was a significant relationship but the breath of the definition of mental disorder was a key factor when evaluating this relationship. It was found that some symptoms of mental illness such as depression, confusion, irritability or even thought disorder are not directly related to crime committed given that they can also be categorized as normal personality traits. Hence the breath of the definition of mental illness is key in determining its correlation with crime. This relationship was also evaluated from a legal point of view when determining whether to prosecute offenders with mental illnesses and it was established that such offender should only be prosecuted if there is a high possibility of committing the crime again. Under the UK law, mental disorder is any disability of the mind and does not include alcohol dependence, immoral conduct nor sexual deviancy. This research ess ay also discussed psychiatry and it role in treating the detained youth with mental illnesses. While psychiatry presents one of the most effective methods of treating mental illnesses among detained youths, the high prevalence rates of mental illnesses in the juvenile justice systems indicate the need for research based methods in psychiatry services so as to isolate the juvenile who may be in need of long term mental health support. This is because, this group of juveniles pose the highest risk of repeating the crimes they committed with released into the community.ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision (DSMIVTR). Arlington, VA American Psychiatric Association.Cauffman, E. et al. (1998). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among pistillate Juvenile Offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37, 1209-16.Charney, D. et al. (1993). Psychobiological Mechanisms of Pos ttraumatic Stress Disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 50, 294-305.Colins, L., Vermeiren, R., Vreughenhil, C., VanDenBrink, W., Doreleijers, T., and Broekaert, E. (2010). Psychiatric disorders in detained male adolescents A systematic literature review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 55(4),255-263.Connor, D. (2002). Aggression and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents. New York, NY Guilford.Douglas, K. S., Guy, L. S., & Hart, S. D. (2009). Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 679-706.Gardner, W., Lidz, C., Mulvey, E., & Shaw, E. (1996). A comparison of actuarial methods for identifying repetitively violent patients with mental illness. Law and Human Behavior, 20, 35- 48.Grisso, T. (2008). Adolescent Offenders with Mental Disorders. The Future of Children,18(2), 149-157.Howard, R. McCarthy, L., Huband, N. & Duggan, C. (2013). Re-offending in forensic patients released from secure care The role of antisocial/bord erline personality disorder co-morbidity, substance dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 23, 191-202.Howells, J. (ed). (1975). A World History of Psychiatry. New York, NY Bailliere Tindall.Jimnez, E., Arias, B., Castellv, P., Goikolea, J. M., Rosa, A. R., Faansm, L., . . . Benabarre, A. (2012). Impulsivity and functional impairment in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 491-497.Junginger, J., Claypoole, K., Laygo, R., & Cristiani, A. (2006). Effects of serious mental illness and substance use on criminal offense. Psychiatric Services, 57, 879882.Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Benning, S. D., & Kramer, M. D. (2007). Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality An integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 645-666.Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Bipolar disorder. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-condit ions/bipolar-disorder/basics/definition/con-20027544McNiel, D. E., Eisner, J. P., & Binder, R. L. (2000). The relationship between command hallucinations and violence. Psychiatric Services, 51, 12881292.Novaco, R. W. (2011). Perspectives on anger treatment Discussion and commentary. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18, 251255.Odgers, C. L., Burnette, M. A., Chauhan, P., Moretti, M. & Reppucci, N. (2005). Misdiagnosing the Problem Mental Health Profiles of Incarcerated Juveniles. Can Child Adolesc Psychiatr Rev., 14(1), 26-29.Peterson, J. K., Skeem, J., Kennealy, P., Bray, B. & Zvonkovic, A. (2014). Law and Human Behavior, 38(5), 439-449.Schubert, C. A. & Mulvey, E. (2014). Behavioral Health Problems, Treatment, and Outcomes in Serious Youthful Offenders. Juvenile Justice Bulletine. Retrieved from http//ojjdp.gov/pubs/242440.pdfSkeem, J. L., Schubert, C., Odgers, C., Mulvey, E. P., Gardner, W., & Lidz, C. (2006). Psychiatric symptoms and community violence among high risk patients A test of the relationship at the weekly level. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 967-979.The Crown Prosecution Service. (2014). Mental disorder offenders. GOV.UK. Retrieved from http//www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/mentally_disordered_offenders/The Mental Health Foundation. (2002). The Mental Health Needs of Young Offenders. Retrieved from http//www.mentalhealth.org.uk/content/assets/PDF/publications/mental_health_needs_young_offenders.pdf?view=StandardTorrey, E. F. (2011). Stigma and violence isnt it time to connect the dots? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37. move on online publication.Source document

Lemon Lovin’ Life Essay

IntroductionThe company, stinker Lovin Life, is a lemonade stand that is in the beverage business. Being that it is a popular take up and the low cost of starting a lemonade business, there is competition making it quite competitive in the market. This report outlines the companys branding schema, recognition of possible new locations, promotional plans, and employee training opportunities.Branding StrategyTo create a branding strategy for Lemon Lovin Life it go out alike consists of the merchandising mix, namely, product, place, and promotion. Lemon Lovin Life has a reasonable size and will be priced competitively. It will be known for its healthy, natural, delicious, and well-known taste. A focus of the drink is to grow it to be appreciated not only during the summer months, besides rather, the whole year round. Highlighting its health benefits with increase consumers interest into the product. If this investment is success, Lemon Lovin Life could expand by adding a twist t o the lemonade drinks.For instance, a lemonade drink can have a combination of lemon and strawberry, lemon and pineapple but always focusing on lemon as the main flavor. Ideally the lemonade stand will be placed in front of the owners house perhaps near a tree for shade. Attracting more consumers, being that they wont have to stand under the blazing sun. For marketing purposes, flyers and posters will be distributed in various strategic places in the neighborhood along with calling friends and family. Creating a page on Facebook, a Twitter account, and Instagram, among others, will also heavily use social media sites.Opportunities for New LocationsLemon Lovin Lifes goal is to reach as many customers as possible in set up to address the changing lifestyle choices that mainly aim to have healthy living. The new locations must consider that the target market has access to the lemonade whenever theyd like. This strategy will already tap a number of customers ranging from children, moth ers buying for their families, health buffs, and young people who can already make their own purchases (Bovee & Thill, 2013, p. 346).Promotion Plansnormally local residents support new business ventures and Lemon Lovin Life has $10,000 to spend for advertising. Considering the product theme various marketing vehicles will be utilized to run the message, image, and presence of the business. Bovee & Thill (2013) asserted that there are different ways to promote products, including the use of print media (magazines, local newspapers and student publications) (p. 382), broadcast media (local TV shows, radio programs), hotel guides (Chamber of physician newsletters, brochures, flyers), direct mail (subscriber lists, inserts in newspapers, office mail delivery) (p. 374), social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) (p. 382), and others (attendance in charity events, sponsorships, press conferences) (p. 382).Employee TrainingIn hope that the company shall grow, it will be necessary to hire more people in order to help run the lemonade stand. It is also important for the company to invest in training the mental faculty to continue to offer quality lemonade. To do this, the company should always check whether employees are engaged, satisfied, committed, and rooted (Bovee & Thill, 2013, p. 220). Providing employees with job security through a strong net income is the first step. Secondly, provide employees with health insurance and retirement plans that can be extended to their families. Finally, the company must ensure that employees have a clear passage path, especially for those who have leadership qualities to allow them to have the feeling that what they are doing is worthwhile and satisfying in itself (Bovee & Thill, 2013, p. 223). When these needs are met, employees are will in reality view the job in a different manner. Their attitude toward working there will be a positive one.ConclusionStarting a company is not only about having the money and hiring employ ees. There are other aspects that should be considered, including the viability of the product, the target market, demographical considerations, the location, and marketing the product.ReferencesBovee, C. L., & Thill, J. V. (2013). Business in action. (6th ed). Upper institutionalise River, NJ Pearson.

Health Promotion and Preventions

wellness packaging and distemper prevention ar processes that enable various(prenominal)s to mitigate their wellness. Health furtherance seeks to increase an individuals control over their health by addressing behavior under the control of the individual. Disease prevention is associated with health check and public health activities to prevent diseases. Health promotion and disease prevention have been utilized in the U. S. health care system for many of geezerhood and extensive research has been done on which preventive measures are most likely to shelter individual health.Studies have also been done on what level spate preventions contribute to controlling costs of health care. Research supports the effectiveness of the arrest measures such as immunization, some forms of screening, avoidance of a high-fat diet, regular restrained exercise, as well the avoidance or cessation of exposure to tobacco. But research has also shown that preventative measures increase, rather than reduce, health care costs. Research has shown that preventative noises preserve function and extend lives.Studies have shown immunization to be a good example of a prevention that promotes individual health and longevity. The benefits of immunization can been seen in young pot and in the elderly. For decades the elderly have been receiving vaccination against influenza and it is also commonplace for young children to receive inoculations for diptheria, tentanus, pertussis, polio, meningitis-causing Haemophilus influenzae, measles, mups, rubells, and hepatitis B. 1 A watch from the Netherlands demonstrates the health benefits of the elderly receiving annual influenza vaccination.The findings from the study were that the those who received annual vaccination experienced a cut down mortality danger of 24 percent and it was estimated that the vaccination prevented one death for every 302 people vaccinated. 1 Immunization has also eradicated diseases that once threaten the li ves of children in the U. S. , as illustrated by the history of the disease pertussis. Between 1934 and 1943 thither were on average 200,000 annual relative incidence of the disease, including over 4,000 deaths. After the introduction of childhood vaccination for pertussis in the 1940s, reported cases drastic in ally declined and reached a low of 1,000 in 1976. Research has also shown that some types of screening are good examples of preventative measures that effectively protect individuals. Screening is a system used to detect a disease in individuals who are without signs or symptoms of that disease. Between the early 1970s and 2000, use of the Pap test decreased incidence and mortality from invasive cervical cancer by 40 percent in the U. S. 1 The screening is almost an ideal because it is inexpensive, convenient, effective in detection, and cervical cancer is highly curable when detected early.The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force also strongly recommends screenings for co lorectal cancer, high blood pressure, and Chlamydia infection. 1 As significant as disease prevention, health promotions in lifestyle and risk reduction in the areas of tobacco, body weight, diet and exercise have been shown in studies to protect individual health. The most important of these studies that show the benefit of lifestyle preventative practices are the Framingham Heart Study and the Nurses Health Study.The Framingham Heart Study has been a main source of information regarding an individuals attributes that lead to cardiovascular disease. The early findings of the study identified smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose intolerance as risk factors for heart disease. 1 Before the study it was thought that heart disease may be unpredictable. Recently findings show that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a quality predictive of heart disease. The Framingham study had major implications on lifestyle in regards to physical activity and diet as preventative practices.It showed the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was less(prenominal) common in physically active individuals. The study also showed that being overweight is associated with risk factors such as lower levels of high-density lipoprotein, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The Nurses Health Study tack similar results regarding the effects of diet and lifestyle on heart disease. The study concluded that among women, adherence to preventative practices involving diet, exercise, and abstinence from smoking is associated with a very low risk of coronary heart disease. The health risks of certain diets have also been the subject of many studies. Trials have shown that consumption of trans fatty acids produces factors that are predictive of heart disease. 1 Alternatively, studies have concluded that a preventative practice of a diet rich in non-trans fats, whole-grains, abundant fruits and vegetable, and adequate in omega-3 fatty acids offered significant reduction in heart die ase. 1 Health promotion and disease prevention has also been thought as a means to control health care costs in the US.It is seems logical to assume that health care cost would be reduced by individuals avoiding indisposition and that illness detected early are less expensive to treat. Research has shown that some preventative measures may reduce health cost, but many rattling increase health care cost. The work of the economist Louise B. Russell offers very informative cost effectiveness analysis of the preventative practices of vaccination. 1 Russell studied a exertion during the 1960s to inoculate children against the measles shortly following the introduction of an anti-measles vaccine.She calculated the cost of the immunization intervention to be the sum of the cost of administering the vaccines and the cost of treating people who contracted measles, which allowd children that may have missed the vaccine or for who the vaccine was ineffective. Russells findings were that t he intervention protected 973 lives and prevented 3,000 children from being mentally retarded. She also found that campaign reduced absenteeism from school and work due to measles by 34 million days.She concluded that the intervention cost $31 million, but saved $200 million in institutional care for children who would have become retarded had they not been vaccinated. This type of preventative measure can be seen as very cost effective. Russell also concluded that other vaccination programs werent cost effective. She found that a small pox vaccination administered to 37,901 people because of a threat of bioterrorism attack resulted in 85 hospitalizations, 10 life-threatening diseases, 2 permanently disabilities, and 3 deaths. This intervention proved very costly since there wasnt a bioterrorism attack.The preventative measure of screening also proves to increase cost of health care in the US. The costs of screening include the diagnosis, medication, doctor visits, and treatment of side effects. Additional cost also result from the increased life expectancy of the individuals who are successfully treated. Conversely, if an individual isnt screened the individuals death result in the end of incurring health care costs. Screening for colorectal cancer, the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the U. S. , also revel an increase in the cost of health care.The American Cancer Society recommends that colonoscopies be the preferred method of screening. In 2005 colonoscopies amounted to 60% of all colorectal cancer tests. 3 But colonoscopy is expensive and carries a higher risk of serious complications that other screening choices. Cost benefit analysis of cervical cancer screening also illustrate the increase in health care costs. Studies by a research team in Georgetown University indicated that Pap tests reduced deaths by 75% when done every three years and the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained would have been $11,839.The study also found tha t a to a greater extent aggressive treatment resulted in deaths reduced by 95%, but the of a cost per quality-adjusted life year gained would increase to $76,183. 1 Health promotion interventions in lifestyle offer uncertain cost-effectiveness and cost impact. A case can also be made that tobacco control increases the costs of health care and that smoking itself is an effective cost control. Smokers due require more medical care when they are alive, but upon the death of smokers, saving can be realized in nursing homes expenses, and the unutilized pension and Social Security benefits.Cost effectiveness analysis is not a complete approach to view health promotion and disease prevention. Though costly, preventative interventions in immunization, screening and lifestyle have been found by research to protect individual health. Cost effectiveness analysis should then rather be concerned with comparing alternative interventions. A good example of this type analysis is of colorectal scree ning, in which recommendation was for the intervention that would save the most lives at a given expenditure level. Russell said it best that even when prevention does not save money, it can be a worthwhile investment in better health, and this- not cost savings- is the criterion on which it should be judged. 1 1. Greenwald HP. 2010. Health Care in the United States Organization, Management, and polity 2. Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Manson et al. 2000. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. N Engl J Med 3. Subramanian S, Bobashev G, Morris RJ. 2010. When budgets are tight, there are better options than colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Health Affairs

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission – Church and State Violation

Equal Employment opportunity Commission. Church and state violation If the criteria of Matthew and Thomas Christian-only hiring constitution was spread across to all religions, then they could believably get away with it as long as the employment contracts with employees state such. If this were for a school and they had much than 15 employees, then they would have to have posters posted under human activity VII of the Civil Rights be active of 1964 informing employees of their rights with the utilization of the language approved by the EEOC.Under the Great Commission Perspective this policy would be advisable. Being raised Baptist, currently non-denominational,some of my old Baptist fundamentalist views came into play. Being raised Baptist, I was taught that it is our rights as Christians to setup outreach ministries, missionaries, and bring as many souls to the kingdom as possible by ministering to populate we tinge on a day to day basis, even if this means going door to door. This goes hand in hand with several passages from the Bible. In re-reading Genesis 12 1-3, the Great Commission Perspective, Gen. 8 14-15 and Matthew 28 18-20, we know the promise of immortal for our lives as well as the duties expected of us as Christians. And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, totally power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the piss of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen. (Matthew 28 18-20, KJV). In verse 19, Jesus charges us to teach all nations and baptise them in the name of the trinity.Verse 20 is our assurance, His promise that he is with us always, until the end of the world as we know it. And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south a nd in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and will bring thee again into this land for I will not pull up stakes thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of. (Genesis 2814-15, KJV). In verse 14 we shall travel all ends of the earth saving souls for Christ and as a result of our faithfulness to Gods word, our children and generations to come will be blessed. Verse 15 is Gods promise that he is with us until the end and will keep us, protect us, and will not forsake us. Other tidings that comes to mind that gives the same instruction based on the Great Commission Perspective is, And he verbalize unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. (Mark 1615, KJV).We can also look at the book of Luke for the same instructions, And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. (Luke 2447, KJV). Like Paul, some of us are meant to be apostles, setting up churches for the greater total of the kingdom and overseeing them to ensure that kingdom work is being carried out. Even though Thomas and Matthew have a good idea in regards to their hiring policy of Christians only, in my position it would only be foreseeable in a perfect world and in my accept utopia.With so many laws that protect others religious beliefs, it makes it toilsome to turn a profit with such a policy in place, especially if they are face for federal assistance in regards to utilizing tax payer dollars. My answers would change drastically if Thomas and Matthew were opening a Christian school rather than a manufacturing company. The conditions and laws change in matthew and thomas favor greatly. Being a school means that they have the freedom to carry out these hiring policies. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII allows churches and religious organizations to discr iminate on the basis of religion (Bagley & Savage p. 68). Under the RFRA, Religious liberty Restoration Act 1993, federal grant programs can exempt Christian relief organizations from prohibitions against hiring only those of its own faith, (p. 136). During the Bush Administration, more funds were appropriated for expansion of religious hiring rights, including issuance of an executive order that set the policy for federal administration agencies, (Esbeck, Carlson-Thies, Sider). Christian schools need a Christian only hiring policy in my opinion because it protects the morals, values and ethics of the Bible and how each professor uses it in accordance with everyday learning.You have people who study the word and know the word, save dont live by the word, including some Christians, but when it comes to instructing others on how to live according to the Bible (Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth), then a hiring policy that discriminates against religious preference makes sense. These principles are maintained by the federal government when it comes to hiring for Head Start programs and for the work force Investment Act References Carl H. Esbeck Stanley W. Carlson-Thies Ronald J. Sider http//www. religionandsocialpolicy. org/docs/religiousstaffing. pdf

Decision Making Process Paper

Decision-Making Process Paper MGT/230 June 26, 2011 Abstract The termination- reservation do work has six stages. These stages consist of identifying and diagnosing the problem, generating alternative solutions, evaluating alternatives, making the choice, carry outing the conclusiveness, and evaluate the decision. Choosing to go back to develop and what prepare to attend was a problem that I had that infallible to be figured out. I did not use the decision-making surgical operation if I had I am not sure if my decision would fork up been the alike.Deciding to go back to drill was something I thought astir(predicate) for a few months but taking the steps to do so was something that only took an hour to do. The decision-making process has six stages but I may have only taken three of those steps in my process. The decision-making stages are to identify and diagnose the problem, generate alternative solutions, evaluate alternatives, set the choice, implement the decision, and evaluate the decision (Management, 2011). To identify and diagnose the problems means to recognize a problem or something he of she wants to do that populate and solve it.Generate alternative solutions can be divide into deuce categories, which are ready-make solutions and customise solutions. Ready make solutions are solutions you have tried before or advice from others with similar problems, and custom made solutions are solutions designed for a specific solution. Evaluate alternatives means deciding which solution will be best and which solution will fit the problem that you have. After considering all the solution, you will have to make a choice. Once you have made your choice, implement the decision.Implement the decision means to take action. get off the plan to solve your problem. The last stage is to evaluate the decision by collecting information on how well the decision is working. These are the six stages of the decision-making process. My problem was deciding ongo ing back to school and which school to attend. My steps were to think about what would be best and my family in regard to me to go back to school, which school to go to, and apply to that school. My family was involved in y process because I wanted their input on everything that I did. My first step was to discuss the idea ongoing back to school, which to my family was not an issue because they believed that I had so much knowledge that I needed to do something with it, but I was hesitant because of my children. My piece step was to decide which school to attend. The choice was between University of Phoenix and Gaston Community College. I choice these two schools because my stepmother goes to Phoenix and she advised me it would be a good opportunity.Gaston Community College was a suggestion my boyfriend had because it was cobblers last to where I lived but the only problem was my children were not in daycare, so who would be able to accompany them and I was in school. Another prob lem was they did not offer any online programs that year in my field. My decision was easy because I thought of my children first. The last step I took was applying to University of Phoenix. I did not take the same steps as the decision-making process contains but I may have taken a few.I did identify that I had a problem, came up with solutions, make a choice and implemented my decision. The decision-making process has six steps, but I only used four of those steps in my process. If I had used the decision-making process my decision may be different. If I had thought about every detail of my life, for example, my children going to school this year, I may have chosen the community college because it would have been convenient at the time.Also if I had taken the steps to talk to daycares about putting my youngest child in one, I would not have to worry about finding a babysitter when I went to school. The decision-making process would have made me regard questions about what I wante d and what I could do. The process also would have allowed me to evaluate my decision and place if a community college would have been right. My problem was going back to school and which school to attend.I may not have followed the decision-making process but I do believe I have made the right choice. The decision-making process has six stages identify and diagnose the problem, generate alternative solutions, evaluate alternatives, make the choice, implement the decision, and evaluate the decision. The decision-making process can be very effective if one were to use it. Reference Bateman, T. S. , and Snell, S. A (2011). Management Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World (9th e. d. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Jose Rizal’s Retraction Controversy Essay

The debate still continues if Dr. Jose Rizal, our national hero, re anyy retracted? This has been the greatest contention which is most talked about Rizal. He is recognized for the novels he had written during the Spanish period. Because of these courageous acts of rebellion against the utter colonizers, he became our National Hero. however what if our national hero, at the last moments of his life retracted perpetuallyything he had ever said and written? In 1935, a garner was found by Father Manuel Garcia. The said letter contains that Jose Rizal declared himself as a Catholic and that he retracts everything he had said, written, published and did against the Catholic Church.Opinions regarding this issue would non be the same because some may agree and some may non. There so many another(prenominal) questions speculating his abjuration if in the first behind, all of this is what he really fought for. From Fr. Balaguers version, Rizal, on the 29th twenty-four hours of Dece mber 1896, wrote and signed the retraction text file in front of him and with the other Jesuit priest toast at the death cell. Rizal asked for a confession twice and for a rosary from the priest amidst the deuce confessions.In Balaguers memorandum-record, Rizal asked for a mass and a request for Holy Communion, this was readily approved by the Jesuits and assigned Fr. Villaclara as the officiating priest of the mass inside the cell. He also mentioned that Rizal asked for the image of the Sagrado Corazon de savior which he carved when he was full 14. Balaguer described the scene as heart-warming because Rizal kissed the image that he had quest from the Jesuits. While kneeling and outfoxed by the religious authorities in the death cell, Rizal read the retraction document. Balaguer also claimed that in that respect was a servant-messenger for Josephine Bracken to prepare for the marriage at the San Ignacio Church where Fr.Simo will address the confession and other things neede d for the ceremonies, which will be materialized on the morning of the 30th. Lastly, before the execution and in the presence of the Archbishop and the Jesuit superior Reverend Fr. Pio Pi, Rizal kissed the image of the cross presented to him and has a rosary entwined in his hand. But how did Father Balaguer convinced Rizal to be converted into Cathloic before his execution?This is one of the big unanswered questions of today. In addition to this, Rizal wrote a poem entitled My Last Farewell which was written on the eve of his execution, there was a line there saying,Ill go where there are no slaves, tyrants or hangmen where faith does not kill and where God alone does reign (Rizal, 1896).With this, he mentioned God in this poem. Before he was executed, he wrote an undated letter to his family when he was in Fort capital of Chile Bury me in the ground, place a stone and a cross everyplace it. My name, the date of my brith and of my death. Nothing more. If you later wish to surround my grave with a fence, you may do so. No anniversaries. I prefer Paang Bundok. Now, what do he base by this? He wanted a cross over it. He died as a Catholic and was buried inside the sacred grounds of Paco Cemetery.Unfortunately, his instructions were not granted. It was also argued that Rizal retracted in indian lodge to save his family from further persecution, to give Josephine Bracken a legal status as his wife and to plug reforms from the Spanish government. Speaking of Josephine as his wife, there was an article from Jose Rizal University that one day of earlyish March 1896 Rizal contend a practical joke on Josephine, which frightened her terribly. As a result, she prematurely gave carry to an eight-month nestling boy. The baby was very weak and can hardly breathe. With this, Rizal immediately baptized him Francisco in honor of his father. He tried to save the life of his son but all his experience and skill as a physician could not save little Francisco.Sorrowfully, Rizal saw his child die three hours after birth then he drew a sketch of his dead son and he buried him low a shady tree near his home. He prayed Oh, God, I give you another tiny angel. recreate bless his soul. Again, this is one proof that crimson before the exile in Dapitan, he practiced be a Catholic.On the other hand, the copy of the retraction paper that was allegedly signed by Rizal that was even kept secret and was only published in newspapers. It was said that the paper was lost when Rizals family pass on for the original copy. Are the Jesuits too irresponsible for not knowing the importance of the document? Or was it just hidden? But 39 years later, the original copy was found in the archdiocesan archives.Ricardo Pascual Ph. D, who was inclined permission by the Archbishop Nozaleda to test the document and later concluded in his book, Rizal beyond the Grave that the papers shown was a falsification. The common contradiction of this argument was either Father Balaguer or Father Pi had make errors in reproducing another copy of the original. The manuscript was also allegedlymisplaced from 1922 1935.Trinidad challenged the Jesuits to show to her the manuscripts so that she could corroborate that it was Rizals handwriting and signature. With this, finding out that there were several copies of it, some may imitate Rizals handwriting and signature. Another proof that Rizal did not retract is that when Father Balaguer claimed that Jose and Josephine, however, there were no marriage authentication or public record shown that could prove Father Balaguers accounts.In addition, he performed the ceremony between 600 615 AM of December 30, 1896 with the presence of one of the Rizals sisters but Rizal family denied that none of them were there and Dr. Jose Rizal was martyred at 703 AM. Also, nobody had reported that Bracken was in the area of Fort Santiago in the morning of the execution.Consider also the three priests (Fr. Jose Villaclara, Fr. Estanislao March, and Fr. Vicente Balaguer) to negotiate the expanse of the walk to give weird care to the condemned Dr. Jose Rizal, why is it that, only Fr. Balaguer stated that there was a wedding? Furthermore, where were Fr. Villaclara and Fr. March to verify the revelation of a marriage ceremony? Or was there really even one at all?Showing the two sides, where do you stand? Do you believe that Rizal really abjured or not? Its up to you but this controversy should not eradicate Rizals works for our republic. He awakened our knowledge of nationalism and patriotism. Jose Rizals writings helped in motivating the Filipinos to fight for our freedom against the Spanish colonizers and inspired a lot of Filipino revolutionaries to stand up for a cost. In my opinion, I still believe that his contributions to our country are far greater than the issue brought by this letter. I stick to his advocacy that war is not the solution for independence.If youre going to ask me if he really retract, I woul d say yes, because he really wanted to drop peace and to stop the chaos during that time, he abjured everything due to the pressure to his family and became a Catholic.I stated earlier that he has some requests to his family for his burial that there should be a cross over his grave, with this, he died as a Catholic and his family, on the 11th day after his death, was informed that early of the next day, a mass was to be celebrated for the eternal rest of his soul. Adding to this, he experienced hardships in writing his third novel entitled Makamisa because he is not fluent inFilipino language. How could he state A man who doesnt love his native language, is worse than all animals and a sickening fish., if he, himself, cant apply it.And lets understand that he retracted for the sake of his familys persecution and wanted a reform for our country against the Spanish government. Im sure all of us really love our family and will do such extraordinary things just to save them and would love to have peace on earth. But all this and more will retract nothing from his greatness as a Filipino.

Biochip

pic (Life on a Chip) (PAPER at a down in the m issueher place THE THEMEBIOCOMPUTING & INFORMATICS) ABSTRACT A individual electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . . . . . your m acey . . . your computer address cards . . . your atm card . . . your ID cards . . . your insurance . . . and your life early One card, or one snatch, with your life on it. Bio check-out procedures-The most exciting future technology is an expiry of the fields of Computer science, Electronics & Biology.Its a new emblem of bio-security whatchamacallum to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. Its no more(prenominal) mandatory with bio impediments the good old idea of remembering mocking PINs, Passwords, & Social security looks . No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash in/credit card carrying to the market place eve rything goes introduce in the chip. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker tricks on the internet.Biochip has a anatomy technique for secured E-money transactions on the net. The antecedent of biochips exists in capability of locating upset children, downed soldiers, and stray Alzheimer patient ofs. Our contri andions to this paper lie in the aspects of Implementation of Glucose sensing element in Biochips Implementation of vitrine O detector in Biochips 4. Implementation of Blood pressure sensor in Biochips 5. Proposal of Solution for the typical theft enigma go about by the Biochips The four contributions attain been discussed in detail with the proposed conventions for implementation of the c at a timepts.A simpleton ID chip is already walking round in tens of thousands of individuals, but all of them argon pets. Companies much(prenominal) as avid (Norco, Calif. ), Electronic ID, Inc. (Cleburne, TX. ), and Electronic acknowledgement Devices, Ltd. (Santa Barb ara, Calif. ) sell both the chips and the detectors. The chips be of the coat of an uncooked grain of rice, downcast enough to be injected under(a) the scrape victimization a hypodermic syringe needle. They respond to a signal from the detector, held just a few feet away, by expectting out an realization derive. This get is then compargond to informationbase listings of registered pets.The Biochip tabloidging for military man has already startedRush out for your tag INTRODUCTION- Biochips be any microprocessor chips that flock be used in Biology. The biochip technology was originally highly-developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, its use nowa twenty-four hourss includes, oer 300 zoos, over 80 governing agencies in at to the lowest degree 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic branding of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, snip tracking, hazardous waste, and human beingss. Biochips are silent ly inmentumg into humans.For instance, at least 6 gazillion medical devices, such(prenominal) as artificial eubstance parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc. , are implanted in population each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a surprise guest a biochip. In 1993, the feed and Drug Administration passed the Safe Medical Devices allowance Act of 1993, requiring all artificial body implants to have implanted identification the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic devices and breast implants are biochipped. To date, over 7 million animals have been chipped.The major biochip companies are A. V. I. D. (Ameri dismiss Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan Identification Systems, and Destron-Fearing Corporation. THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY The contemporary, in use, biochip implant ashes is actually a fairly simple device. like a shots, biochip implant is fundamentally a miserable (micro) computer chip, inserted un der the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio receiver frequency identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate amongst the biochip and contributor. THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS pic pic PERSPECTIVE OF THE developed SIZE THE TRANSPONDER The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, pith it contains no battery or dynamism of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide its own energy source, commonly a small battery.Be understanding the passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to wear out, it has a very huge life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive, its dormant(ip) until the proofreader activates it by shiping it a low-power galvanising rush. The reader reads or s goats the implanted biochip and receives screening data (in this case an identification number) from the biochip. The communication between biochip and reade r is via low-frequency radio waves. The biochip transponder consists of four parts 1. computer chip The microchip strains a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long.The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID number. desirous (Ameri tail end Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using an nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID number is etched or en labeld via a laser onto the protrude of the microchip before assembly. Once the number is encoded it is out(predicate) to alter. The microchip likewise contains the electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number to the reader. 2. Antenna Coil This is unremarkably a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core.This is tiny earthy radio antenna receives and sends signals from the reader or scanner. 3. adjust Capacitor The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than 1/ 1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This activation allows the transponder to send stake the ID number encoded in the computer chip. Because radio waves are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is tuned to the comparable frequency as the reader. 4. Glass Capsule The chalk capsule houses the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor.It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in distance and 2 mm in diameter, well-nigh the size of an uncooked grain of rice. The capsule is made of biocompatible genuine such as soda lime glass. after assembly, the capsule is hermetically (air-tight) sealed, so no natural mentally ills can touch the electronics inside. Because the glass is very beam and susceptible to movement, a material such as a polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to one end of the capsule. This sheath provides a compatible draw near which the bodily tissue fibers bond or interconnect, leave aloneing in a permanent placement of the biochip. BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE pic The biochip is inserted into the issuing with a hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common vaccines. Anesthesia is not required nor recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind the neck between the articulatio humeri blades. Trovan, Ltd. , markets an implant, featuring a patented zip quill, which you but press in, no syringe is needed. According to avid Once implanted, the identity tag is virtually im executable to retrieve. . The number can never be altered. THE subscriber The reader consists of an exciter coil which creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals, provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to excite or activate the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the activate implanted biochip. This all deal outs place very fa st, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and parcels to decode the accredited code and display the result in an liquid crystal display display.The reader can include a RS-232 carriage to attach a computer. WORKING OF A BIOCHIP The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which activates the implanted biochip. This activation enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the readers LCD display. The reader essentialiness normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate by means of most materials, except metal.THE APPLICATIONS 1. With a biochip tracing of a person/animal , anywhere in the ground is possible Once the reader is connected to the internet, transmit and a centralized database is maintained about the biochipp ed creatures, It is continuously possible to trace out the personality intended. 2. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and rent financial transactions.Currently, the in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are intentional to accommodate with more fixed storage & pull in that respect is definitely an opportunity. A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems Its a fact the humankind is very quickly passage to a digital or E- delivery, through the Internet. It is evaluate that by 2008, 60% of the Business transactions result be performed through the Internet. The E-money future, however, isnt necessarily secure. The Internet wasnt built to be Fort Knox. In the wrong hands, this right on tool can turn dangerous.Hackers have already broken into bank files that were 100% secure. A biochip i s the possible solution to the identification and security dilemma faced by the digital economy. This type of new bio-security device is capable of accurately tracking information regarding what users are doing, and who are to accurately track information regarding what users are doing, and who is actually doing it. Biochips in truth are potent in replacing passports, cash, medical records The really powered biochip systems can replace cash, passports, medical & other recordsIts no more required to carry wallet replete(p) cash, credit/ATM cards, passports & medical records to the market place. stipend system, authentication procedures may all be do by the means Biochips. 4. Medicinal implementations of Biochips A sore Era Proposed by us 1. Biochip as Glucose detector The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose detector. The chip pass on allow diabetics to easily monitor the aim of the sugar glucose in their communication channel. Diabetics currently use a skin prick and a hand-held contrast test, and then medicate themselves with insulin depending on the result.The system is simple and works well, but the need to draw livestock means that most diabetics dont test themselves as frequently as they should. Although they may get away with this in the short term, in later life those who monitored infrequently suffer from blindness, loss of circulation, and other complications. The solution is more frequent testing, using a less invading method. The biochip will sit underneath the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio-frequency communication. Proposed principle of Glucose detectionA swooning-emitting diode (LED) in the biochip starts aside the detection process. The slack that it produces hits a fluorescent fixture chemical one that absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at a time-consuming wavelength. The longer wavelength of light is then detected, and the result is sent to a control panel after-school(prenominal ) the body. Glucose is detected because the sugar reduces the amount of light that the fluorescent chemical re-emits. The more glucose there is the less light that is detected. Biochip as Oxygen sensor The biochip can also be integrated with an group O sensor .The oxygen sensor will be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensifier care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers of semiconductors stored under nitrogen gas, remain airtight. Proposed principal of Oxygen sensor in Biochip The oxygen-sensing chip sends light pulses out into the body. The light is absorbed to varying extents, depending on how often oxygen is being carried in the blood, and the chip detects the light that is left. The rushes of blood pumped by the heart are also detected, so the same chip is a pulse monitor. 2.Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a wellnessy Human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio scorn than this is said to be Low BP condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is High BP condition. skilful Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. Blood Pressure is look into with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal. However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients.A huge variety of hardware circuitry (sensors) is available in electronics to detect the hunt of fluid. Its always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be right away informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures. Typical Problem of Biochips A Solution Proposed The Lock Problem before the worldA chip implant would contain a persons financial world, medical history, healt h care it would contain his electronic life. If cash no longer existed and if the worlds economy was totally chip oriented there would be a huge black-market for chips Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut mop up hands and heads, stealing rich-folks chips. It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them, (New York Times, June 20, 1999)The typical solutions wont work well are already proposed by different people The Biochip must retain data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is ill-matched for identification of dead bodies (murdered by the kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number. 3. The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air. This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness (by means of infrared light) or in the vacuum (by me ans of oxygen cylinders). And many such.Our key The solution Proposed by me A generic wine & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, Passport number, bankcard number etc. , which are normally permanent in nature. The induction of RAM component in appendix to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy.Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers. However this technique will not affect the data in ROM i. e. Social security number that can be used to detect the address of the de ad bodies that were unidentified. close The Cyber Future InfoTech will be implanted in our bodies. A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, drivers license, personal diary.No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us peculiar(a) mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research but were close. The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. This is science fiction stuff. This is a true example to prove science really starts s with fiction. BIBLOGRAPHY- www. mrgco. com www. anl. gov www. freepatentsonline. comBiochippic (Life on a Chip) (PAPER UNDER THE THEMEBIOCOMPUTING & INFORMATICS) ABSTRACT A single electronic card may replace everything in your wallet including. . . . . . your cash . . . your credit cards . . . your ATM card . . . your ID cards . . . your insurance . . . and yo ur life FUTURE One card, or one chip, with your life on it. Biochips-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of Computer science, Electronics & Biology.Its a new type of bio-security device to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. Its no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering pesky PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers . No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place everything goes embedded in the chip. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker tricks on the internet.Biochip has a variety technique for secured E-money transactions on the net. The power of biochips exists in capability of locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients. Our contributions to this paper lie in the aspects of Implementation of Glucose detector in Biochips Implementation of Oxygen sensor in Biochips 4. Implementation of Blood pressure sensor in Biochips 5. Proposal of Solution for the typical theft problem faced by the Biochips The four contributions have been discussed in detail with the proposed principles for implementation of the concepts.A simple ID chip is already walking around in tens of thousands of individuals, but all of them are pets. Companies such as AVID (Norco, Calif. ), Electronic ID, Inc. (Cleburne, TX. ), and Electronic Identification Devices, Ltd. (Santa Barbara, Calif. ) sell both the chips and the detectors. The chips are of the size of an uncooked grain of rice, small enough to be injected under the skin using a hypodermic syringe needle. They respond to a signal from the detector, held just a few feet away, by transmitting out an identification number. This number is then compared to database listings of registered pets.The Biochip tagging for humans has already startedRush out for your ta g INTRODUCTION- Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in Biology. The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, its use now includes, over 300 zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic branding of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, garment tracking, hazardous waste, and humans. Biochips are silently inching into humans.For instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc. , are implanted in people each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a surprise guest a biochip. In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all artificial body implants to have implanted identification the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic devices and breast impl ants are biochipped. To date, over 7 million animals have been chipped.The major biochip companies are A. V. I. D. (American Veterinary Identification Devices), Trovan Identification Systems, and Destron-Fearing Corporation. THE BIOCHIP TECHNOLOGY The current, in use, biochip implant system is actually a fairly simple device. Todays, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID) system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader. THE BIOCHIP IMPLANT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS pic pic PERSPECTIVE OF THE ACTUAL SIZE THE TRANSPONDER The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, meaning it contains no battery or energy of its own. In comparison, an active transponder would provide its own energy source, normally a small battery.Because the passive biochip contains no battery, or noth ing to wear out, it has a very long life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance. Being passive, its inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a low-power electrical charge. The reader reads or scans the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an identification number) from the biochip. The communication between biochip and reader is via low-frequency radio waves. The biochip transponder consists of four parts 1. computer Microchip The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long.The storage capacity of the current microchips is limited, capable of storing only a single ID number. AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices), claims their chips, using an nnn-nnn-nnn format, has the capability of over 70 trillion unique numbers. The unique ID number is etched or encoded via a laser onto the surface of the microchip before assembly. Once the number is encoded it is unrealistic to alter. The microchip also contains the electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the ID number to the reader. 2. Antenna Coil This is normally a simple, coil of copper wire around a ferrite or iron core.This is tiny primitive radio antenna receives and sends signals from the reader or scanner. 3. Tuning Capacitor The capacitor stores the small electrical charge (less than 1/1000 of a watt) sent by the reader or scanner, which activates the transponder. This activation allows the transponder to send back the ID number encoded in the computer chip. Because radio waves are utilized to communicate between the transponder and reader, the capacitor is tuned to the same frequency as the reader. 4. Glass Capsule The glass capsule houses the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor.It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter, about the size of an uncooked grain of rice. The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass. After assembly, the capsule is hermetically (air-tight) sealed, so no bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside. Because the glass is very smooth and susceptible to movement, a material such as a polypropylene polymer sheath is attached to one end of the capsule. This sheath provides a compatible surface which the bodily tissue fibers bond or interconnect, resulting in a permanent placement of the biochip. BIOCHIP AND SYRINGE pic The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic syringe. Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common vaccines. Anesthesia is not required nor recommended. In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind the neck between the shoulder blades. Trovan, Ltd. , markets an implant, featuring a patented zip quill, which you simply press in, no syringe is needed. According to AVID Once implanted, the identity tag is virtually impossible to retrieve. . The number can never be altered. THE READER The reader consists of an exciter coil which creates an electromagnetic field that, via radio signals , provides the necessary energy (less than 1/1000 of a watt) to excite or activate the implanted biochip. The reader also carries a receiving coil that receives the transmitted code or ID number sent back from the activated implanted biochip. This all takes place very fast, in milliseconds. The reader also contains the software and components to decode the received code and display the result in an LCD display.The reader can include a RS-232 port to attach a computer. WORKING OF A BIOCHIP The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which activates the implanted biochip. This activation enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the readers LCD display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal.THE APPLICATIONS 1. With a biochip tracing of a person/animal , anywhere in the world is possible Once the reader is connected to the internet, satellite and a centralized database is maintained about the biochipped creatures, It is always possible to trace out the personality intended. 2. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and conduct financial transactions.Currently, the in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are designed to accommodate with more ROM & RAM there is definitely an opportunity. A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems Its a fact the world is very quickly going to a digital or E-economy, through the Internet. It is expected that by 2008, 60% of the Business transactions will be performed through the Internet. The E-money future, however, isnt necessarily secure. The Internet wasnt built to be Fort Knox. In the wrong hands, this powerful tool can turn dangerous.Hackers have already broken into bank files that were 100% secure. A biochip is the possible solution to the identification and security dilemma faced by the digital economy. This type of new bio-security device is capable of accurately tracking information regarding what users are doing, and who are to accurately track information regarding what users are doing, and who is actually doing it. Biochips really are potent in replacing passports, cash, medical records The really powered biochip systems can replace cash, passports, medical & other recordsIts no more required to carry wallet full cash, credit/ATM cards, passports & medical records to the market place. Payment system, authentication procedures may all be done by the means Biochips. 4. Medicinal implementations of Biochips A New Era Proposed by us 1. Biochip as Glucose Detector The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose d etector. The chip will allow diabetics to easily monitor the level of the sugar glucose in their blood. Diabetics currently use a skin prick and a hand-held blood test, and then medicate themselves with insulin depending on the result.The system is simple and works well, but the need to draw blood means that most diabetics dont test themselves as often as they should. Although they may get away with this in the short term, in later life those who monitored infrequently suffer from blindness, loss of circulation, and other complications. The solution is more frequent testing, using a less invasive method. The biochip will sit underneath the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio-frequency communication. Proposed principle of Glucose detectionA light-emitting diode (LED) in the biochip starts off the detection process. The light that it produces hits a fluorescent chemical one that absorbs incoming light and re-emits it at a longer wavelength. The longer wavelength of light is then detected, and the result is sent to a control panel outside the body. Glucose is detected because the sugar reduces the amount of light that the fluorescent chemical re-emits. The more glucose there is the less light that is detected. Biochip as Oxygen sensor The biochip can also be integrated with an oxygen sensor .The oxygen sensor will be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensive care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers of semiconductors stored under nitrogen gas, remain airtight. Proposed principal of Oxygen sensor in Biochip The oxygen-sensing chip sends light pulses out into the body. The light is absorbed to varying extents, depending on how much oxygen is being carried in the blood, and the chip detects the light that is left. The rushes of blood pumped by the heart are also detected, so the same chip is a pulse monitor. 2.Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a healthy Hu man being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio lower than this is said to be Low BP condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is High BP condition. Serious Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. Blood Pressure is checked with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal. However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients.A huge variety of hardware circuitry (sensors) is available in electronics to detect the flow of fluid. Its always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be immediately informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures. Typical Problem of Biochips A Solution Proposed The Lock Problem before the worldA chip implant would contain a persons financial world, medical history, health care it would contain his electronic life. If cash no longer existed and if the worlds economy was totally chip oriented there would be a huge black-market for chips Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing rich-folks chips. It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them, (New York Times, June 20, 1999)The typical solutions wont work well are already proposed by different people The Biochip must retain data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is unsuitable for identification of dead bodies (murdered by the kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number. 3. The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air. This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness (by means of infrared light) or in the vacuum (by means of oxygen cylinders). And many such.Our key The solution Proposed by me A generic & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, Passport number, bankcard number etc. , which are normally permanent in nature. The induction of RAM component in addition to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy.Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers. However this technique will not affect the data in ROM i. e. Social securi ty number that can be used to detect the address of the dead bodies that were unidentified. CONCLUSION The Cyber Future InfoTech will be implanted in our bodies. A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, drivers license, personal diary.No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power. The really fascinating idea is under fast track research but were close. The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. This is science fiction stuff. This is a true example to prove science really starts s with fiction. BIBLOGRAPHY- www. mrgco. com www. anl. gov www. freepatentsonline. com